The Tube CAD Journal, Electrostatic Headphones Amps -Part 2-pg = 6

From: "Saved by Internet Explorer 11" Subject: The Tube CAD Journal, Electrostatic Headphones Amps -Part 2-pg 6 Date: Wed, 8 Apr 2015 09:55:36 -0700 MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: multipart/related; type="text/html"; boundary="----=_NextPart_000_0062_01D071E2.2934AD10" X-MimeOLE: Produced By Microsoft MimeOLE V6.1.7601.17609 This is a multi-part message in MIME format. ------=_NextPart_000_0062_01D071E2.2934AD10 Content-Type: text/html; charset="Windows-1252" Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable Content-Location: http://www.tubecad.com/Classic_Articles/page7.html =20 =20 =20 =20 =20 The Tube CAD Journal, Electrostatic Headphones Amps -Part 2-pg = 6=20 =20 =20

=20 =20


	Fig. 5.=20 Undistorted power output vs. frequency


	Fig. 6.=20 Frequency response, showing effects above and below the = audible=20 frequency range


	finding, even the less discriminating listeners = could=20 identify the ultra linear amplifier on "blind" tests and = could=20 recognize its superiority. Listeners agree that the = bass=20 region is more articulate, better defined, and better damped = than in=20 other amplifiers. This damping is not a function of internal = impedance alone but also relates to stability under dynamic=20 conditions. For example, no low frequency cutoff is required = in the=20 preamplifier as no ill effects are audible due to momentary=20 overloads from turntable rumble, switching ground thumps and = similar=20 disturbances. Certain types of signals such as organ pedal = tones=20 combined with rumble will cause other amplifiers to break up = even at=20 levels as low as a few watts in the mid- frequencies. = =20 Another audible feature in the bass range is that the = amplifier does=20 not have more bass, but it has lower bass. Other amplifiers, = of good=20 quality in terms of measurements, by comparison were = generating=20 harmonics and intermodulation products. This was also = apparent on=20 scratchy "dirty" recordings which cleaned up on the = ultra-linear=20 amplifier while remaining mushy and irritating on = others. In the=20 treble region the consensus of opinion is that the amplifier = sounds=20 "smoother." The scratch level of shellac records is less = irritating=20 while the high frequency sounds, particularly of a = percussive type,=20 cut through the scratch and seem far more prominent. This = seems due=20 to the fact that intermodulation between


	Fig. 7. Square=20 wave performance of the Ultra-Linear=20 amplifier


	that more than just the frequency response is = excellent. In=20 addition, square waves were checked on a speaker load with=20 practically identical results, thus demonstrating that = performance=20 of the amplifier is unaffected by a load of varying = impedance. =20 Other circuit configurations can be used with this = ultra-linear=20 output stage. However, they should have-a phase = characteristic=20 permitting substantial feedback, and they should have the = lowest=20 possible distortion for the early stages. The popular = Williamson=20 circuit has been converted to this output arrangement with=20 gratifying results. This conversion permits 30 watts of = output plus=20 the other benefits inherent in the increased linearity of = the output=20 stage. Listening Tests The majority of listeners = agree=20 readily to the superiority of this circuit. None felt that = other=20 equipment was better although some could not recognize = differences=20 on the program sources used. However, during the course of = the=20 tests, certain recordings were found which demonstrated = differences=20 vividly; and after this


	<=20 PREVIOUS


	pg.=20 6


	NEXT=20 ><= /FONT>


	www.tubecad.com Copyright =A9 2000=20 GlassWare All Rights Reserved =

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