The Tube CAD Journal, August 1999 pg 1

From: "Saved by Internet Explorer 11" Subject: The Tube CAD Journal, August 1999 pg 1 Date: Wed, 8 Apr 2015 11:47:14 -0700 MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: multipart/related; type="text/html"; boundary="----=_NextPart_000_0011_01D071F1.C1DE6920" X-MimeOLE: Produced By Microsoft MimeOLE V6.1.7601.17609 This is a multi-part message in MIME format. ------=_NextPart_000_0011_01D071F1.C1DE6920 Content-Type: text/html; charset="Windows-1252" Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable Content-Location: http://www.tubecad.com/september99/ =20 =20 =20 =20 =20 The Tube CAD Journal, August 1999 pg 1 =20 =20

= =20 =20

This=20 Issue

Circular=20 Amplifiers -Part 4-

The Circular/Balanced/Bridge amplifier is = looked at=20 for the last time...well, at least for the next few months. = This=20 time we debunk the myth that this circuit is something = mysterious,=20 radically different from all other amplifiers, defying both = reason=20 and math, and that only the chosen few can understand how it = works.=20 ("It must be Class A; all the ads say so.")
= This=20 month's Design Idea was inspired by Italian audio circuit = designer=20 Andrea=20 Ciuffoli's simple unity gain amplifiers. Just what would = be the=20 simplest amplifier possible? Take a look at page 11 and you = will=20 find one answer.
Reader Ian has made a great = suggestion: a tube amplifier that would mimic the = mixed class=20 of operation of the Pass Labs Aleph amplifier (SE / = push-pull Class=20 A).
In response to the pleas that we make = the=20 typeface larger in the Webzine, we have increased the point = size to=20 12 pt.
Remember, if you have a request or=20 suggestion of your own for either an article topic or = circuit,=20 please e-mail:

Editor
=


	Class A vs. Advertising Audio equipment has had a long = history of=20 fluffing in ads. Remember the cheap, small speakers that = claimed to=20 have a frequency response of 20-20kHz and $200 receivers = that=20 boasted 200 watts of peak music power when in fact they put = out only=20 20 RMS watts? It became so ridiculous that in the U.S. the = Federal=20 Trade Commission (FTC) had to step in and restrict the = fluffing of=20 power wattage in advertising. While its rulings were off = base in=20 some regards (one hour of continuous output at the rated = output=20 wattage is excessive and places an unrealistically low = output rating=20 on tube OTL amplifiers, for example), something was needed = to=20 contain the marketing department's exuberance. But with = high-end=20 audio products, self policing, by competitor's rebuttal ads = if=20 nothing else, has been really the only constraint in place. = Remember=20 the coupling capacitor ad wars? Claims about an amplifier's = output=20 stage mode of operation and classification, however, = are much=20 harder to verify and thus to police. What is Class = A? Amplifiers can consist of one just = one active=20 device (such as a sole vacuum tube, transistor, or a MOSFET) = or many=20 such devices. In the case of single device (single ended)=20 amplifiers, almost all are run in Class A mode, which means = that the=20 device constantly conducts current throughout the entire = waveform=20 being amplified. If the device stops conducting during any = part of=20 the waveform, the output signal goes flat and it is no = longer=20 operating in pure Class A.

In This=20 Issue


	1 6 11 13 =


	Circular Amplifier: Class A? Vacuum=20 Tube Plate Curves -Part 1- Simplest=20 Tube Amplifier Possible E-mail Publishing=20 Information Glossary=20 of Audio Terms


	NEXT=20

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