From: "Saved by Internet Explorer 11" Subject: What is a Ground Loop and why should I care? Date: Mon, 24 Aug 2015 15:36:08 -0700 MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: multipart/related; type="text/html"; boundary="----=_NextPart_000_0019_01D0DE82.991B43C0" X-MimeOLE: Produced By Microsoft MimeOLE V6.1.7601.17609 This is a multi-part message in MIME format. ------=_NextPart_000_0019_01D0DE82.991B43C0 Content-Type: text/html; charset="utf-8" Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable Content-Location: http://www.siber-sonic.com/electronics/GLoopwhatis.html =EF=BB=BF =20 =20 =20 =20 =20 =20 =20 = =20 What is a Ground Loop and why should I = care?=20 =20

Originally Web posted 24 September 2000.
Content = last=20 modified Friday, 25 January 2008 .
External links last verified Sunday, 30 January 2005.

IMPORTANT:This = information=20 is provided AS-IS, for informational purposes only, with no warranty=20 whatsoever. Despite the author=E2=80=99s intent to provide = accurate,=20 helpful information, the information contained on these pages may be=20 inaccurate. Neither Sonic Purity nor anyone at Siber-Sonic.com can = control=20 your ability to successfully and safely utilize this information, and = we=20 accept no responsibility for anyone=E2=80=99s actions (beyond our own) = related to the=20 content of this website. Incorrect wiring, whether or not done as a = result of=20 the information on these pages, can easily lead to electrical shocks, = fires,=20 equipment damage, and more. This page is intended for reasonably = competent=20 adults who are generally able to successfully work with their hands, = minds,=20 and follow instructions. If you have any doubt as to your ability to = perform=20 any of the tests or other operations described on these pages, and/or = if you=20 do not fully understand the instructions contained on these pages = and/or the=20 operation of your particular test equipment, please = leave the=20 execution of the tests or other operations described on these pages to = properly trained, competent electronics technicians.

These pages are intended to help homeowners deal with common ground = loop=20 problems on A/V and/or computer systems in the home. This topic is very = complex,=20 and by no means are these pages exhaustive. Many other considerations = apply in=20 business situations, and especially in recording studios, broadcast = facilities,=20 and the like. Please consult other resources for important information = on ground=20 loops in these more complex environments.

These pages are NOT intended for technicians, electrical engineers, = or even=20 advanced home audio/video enthusiasts, who already are familiar with the = details=20 of system interconnections and interactions with the power distribution = system.=20 While the author has not fully evaluated the many, many, many web pages = which=20 discuss the topic of ground loops, upon casual searching, one particular = site=20 stands out:

Ground = loop problems and how to get rid of them

=20

Readers may wish to read the above link and/or visit other pages = (found via=20 the usual search facilities) before reading what i have written below. I = decided=20 to finish writing my ground loop pages in hopes of adding some details = which=20 will be important for non-technicians to be able to practically come to = terms=20 with any ground loop problems they may have.

What is a Ground Loop and = why should I=20 care?

Ground loops are the situation where there is more than one = electrical path=20 to ground for electrical/electronic equipment.

3D"Simple

The more interconnected equipment, the more possibilities there are = for=20 ground loops to form. Ground loops can always cause problems, though = they are=20 most likely to cause problems for video, audio, and computer systems. = The bigger=20 the system, and/or when there are different systems in different rooms = with=20 something tying them all together, ground loops become more common and = more=20 problematic.

The most common symptoms for ground loops are:

Cable TV (etc.) systems are just about the most famous source of = ground loops=20 in the home, since they usually connect together several different = =E2=80=9Csystems=E2=80=9D:=20 one or more TVs + audio system (sometimes) + (these days) computers. The = outer=20 conductor of the coaxial cable is shared between all these, and forms = one half=20 of the ground loop. The other half of the loop is formed by one or more = of the=20 systems having the famous 3-prong A.C. cords (almost a certainty for = computers),=20 and sometimes by some tricks on 2-prong TVs and audio systems. Since the = A.C.=20 power system is connected to earth ground (mandatory since the early = 1900s per=20 the = National=20 Electrical Code=C2=AE - the NEC), and since the cable system as it = enters your=20 house is also required by the selfsame NEC to have its outer conductor = connected=20 to earth ground, a ground loop is formed.

3D"Picture

Even with only one VCR, there is a ground loop through the power = cord, to=20 earth ground, to the cable splitter, to the cable shield, and back to = the VCR.=20 There are many more when additional TVs, VCRs, data modems, FM tuners, = etc. are=20 connected.

What is one to do? Attempting to defeat the 3-prong A.C. ground will = enhance=20 the probability of even more problems with lightning and more extensive=20 multi-system damage, violates the NEC (Article 250 section 21(d), 1996 = edition),=20 and may increase your exposure to unsafe voltages on the cases of = failing=20 equipment, so that=E2=80=99s out.

Disconnecting the cable ground where it enters the house often cures = (or=20 helps cure) the ground loop(s) and the stuff is still grounded via the = A.C.=20 cords, yet the cable company will absolutely disown you, this too = violates the=20 NEC (Article 820 section 33, 1996 edition), and there is a risk of = greater=20 lightning damage.

The only viable choice is to somehow break the ground connection as = it passes=20 along the outer conductor of the cable lines. This is done by using = isolation=20 transformers. These handy devices block D.C. and low frequency A.C., yet = pass=20 the much higher frequency standard video and (i presume) data = frequencies, and=20 effectively solve the problem.

Because nothing is perfect in this real world of ours, all isolation=20 transformer arrangements cause a small degree of signal loss, so they = should=20 only be used where necessary. On following pages is a description of how = to=20 determine which units/systems need isolation, and which do not. This = process is=20 a major pain, yet it is vital for trouble-free operation of everything = when=20 complex systems such as this are being set up, and whenever a new system = or=20 component is added.

Aside: your cable folks may or may not know about/pay much attention = to this.=20 It=E2=80=99s a tough problem to solve, and costs lots of time and money. = Some would=20 rather folks didn=E2=80=99t know about it. And, in all honesty, many = otherwise=20 knowledgeable installers do not know about ground loops, or have been = woefully=20 misinformed.

Author=E2=80=99s Qualifications

Ground loops were a problem both in stereo repair and especially in = broadcast=20 engineering. I was a professional home audio repair technician from 1981 = to=20 1995, and an SBE=20 certified broadcast engineer (AM/FM) from 1986 to 2001. I=E2=80=99ve = attended seminar=20 classes talking about nothing other than ground loops and read many = articles=20 about ground loops, and had to personally quash several, so i feel safe = saying=20 that i am probably better informed than most folks not in these fields = about=20 them.

Notwithstanding the above paragraph, there are many, many excellent = websites=20 which discuss ground loops, and feature all sorts of potentially useful=20 information and alternative pictures and explanations, none of which = will be=20 found on these pages. You are highly encouraged to visit other ground = loop=20 sites.

Ready? Continue on to Testing=20 for Ground Loop Problems

World O=E2=80=99 Electronics 3D"Sonic'sThe=20 Sonically Pure Pages

This Siber-Sonically Pure Page is 3D"Cyberdog, 3D"Let,=20 and compliant.

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