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<div class=3DSection1>

<p align=3Dcenter style=3D'text-align:center'><a
href=3D"file:///C:\Documents%20and%20Settings\FP\PROJECTS\NUCWCOST\WEAPONS.=
HTM"><o:p></o:p></a></p>

<h3 align=3Dcenter style=3D'text-align:center'><u><span style=3D'color:blue=
'><a
href=3D"file:///C:\Documents%20and%20Settings\FP\PROJECTS\NUCWCOST\WEAPONS.=
HTM">The
U.S. Nuclear Weapons Cost Study Project</a></span></u></h3>

<p class=3DMsoNormal align=3Dcenter style=3D'text-align:center'><o:p>&nbsp;=
</o:p></p>

<h2 align=3Dcenter style=3D'text-align:center'>50 Facts About <st1:place w:=
st=3D"on"><st1:country-region
 w:st=3D"on">U.S.</st1:country-region></st1:place> Nuclear Weapons</h2>

<p class=3DMsoNormal align=3Dcenter style=3D'text-align:center'><i><span
style=3D'font-size:10.0pt'>- All figures in constant 1995 dollars -</span><=
/i></p>

<pre><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></pre><pre>1.<span style=3D'mso-spacerun:yes'>&nbsp;&=
nbsp; </span>Cost of the <a
href=3D"file:///C:\Documents%20and%20Settings\FP\PROJECTS\NUCWCOST\MANHATTN=
.HTM">Manhattan Project</a> (through August 1945):</pre><pre><o:p>&nbsp;</o=
:p></pre><pre><span style=3D'mso-spacerun:yes'>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </s=
pan><b>$20,000,000,000</b></pre><pre><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></pre>

<p class=3DMsoNormal><b><span style=3D'font-size:10.0pt'>SOURCES:</span></b=
><span
style=3D'font-size:10.0pt'> Richard G. Hewlett and Oscar E. Anderson, Jr., =
<i>The
New World: A History of the United States Atomic Energy Commission, Volume =
1,
1939/1946</i> (Oak Ridge, Tennessee: U.S. AEC Technical Information Center,
1972), pp. 723-724; Condensed AEC Annual Financial Report, FY 1953 (in <i>F=
ifteenth
Semiannual Report of the Atomic Energy Commission</i>, January 1954, p. 73)=
</span><span
style=3D'font-size:13.5pt'> <o:p></o:p></span></p>

<pre><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></pre><pre>2.<span style=3D'mso-spacerun:yes'>&nbsp;&=
nbsp; </span>Total number of nuclear missiles built, 1951-present:</pre><pr=
e><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></pre><pre><span style=3D'mso-spacerun:yes'>&nbsp;&nbsp;=
&nbsp;&nbsp; </span><b>67,500</b></pre><pre><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></pre>

<p class=3DMsoNormal><st1:country-region w:st=3D"on"><st1:place w:st=3D"on"=
><span
  style=3D'font-size:10.0pt'>U.S.</span></st1:place></st1:country-region><s=
pan
style=3D'font-size:10.0pt'> Nuclear Weapons Cost Study Project</span><span
style=3D'font-size:13.5pt'> <o:p></o:p></span></p>

<pre><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></pre><pre>3.<span style=3D'mso-spacerun:yes'>&nbsp;&=
nbsp; </span>Estimated construction costs for ICBM launch pads </pre><pre><=
span style=3D'mso-spacerun:yes'>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span>and si=
los, 1957-1964:</pre><pre><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></pre><pre><span style=3D'mso-sp=
acerun:yes'>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span><b>$12,000,000,000</b></pre><pr=
e><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></pre>

<p class=3DMsoNormal><span style=3D'font-size:10.0pt'>Maj. C.D. Hargreaves,=
 <st1:place
w:st=3D"on"><st1:country-region w:st=3D"on">U.S.</st1:country-region></st1:=
place>
Army Corps of Engineers Ballistic Missile Construction Office (CEBMCO),
&quot;Introduction to the CEBMCO Historical Report and History of the Comma=
nd
Section, Pre-CEBMCO Thru December 1962,&quot; p. 8</span><span
style=3D'font-size:13.5pt'> <o:p></o:p></span></p>

<pre><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></pre><pre>4.<span style=3D'mso-spacerun:yes'>&nbsp;&=
nbsp; </span>Total number of nuclear bombers built, 1945-present:</pre><pre=
><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></pre><pre><span style=3D'mso-spacerun:yes'>&nbsp;&nbsp;&=
nbsp;&nbsp; </span><b>4,680</b></pre><pre><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></pre>

<p class=3DMsoNormal><st1:country-region w:st=3D"on"><st1:place w:st=3D"on"=
><span
  style=3D'font-size:10.0pt'>U.S.</span></st1:place></st1:country-region><s=
pan
style=3D'font-size:10.0pt'> Nuclear Weapons Cost Study Project </span><span
style=3D'font-size:13.5pt'><o:p></o:p></span></p>

<pre><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></pre><pre>5.<span style=3D'mso-spacerun:yes'>&nbsp;&=
nbsp; </span>Peak number of nuclear warheads and bombs </pre><pre><o:p>&nbs=
p;</o:p></pre><pre><span style=3D'mso-spacerun:yes'>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp=
; </span>in the <a
href=3D"file:///C:\Documents%20and%20Settings\FP\PROJECTS\NUCWCOST\STOKPILE=
.HTM">stockpile</a>/year:</pre><pre><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></pre><pre><span style=
=3D'mso-spacerun:yes'>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span><b>32,193/1966</b></p=
re><pre><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></pre>

<p class=3DMsoNormal><span style=3D'font-size:10.0pt'>Natural Resources Def=
ense
Council, Nuclear Weapons Databook Project </span><span style=3D'font-size:1=
3.5pt'><o:p></o:p></span></p>

<pre><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></pre><pre>6.<span style=3D'mso-spacerun:yes'>&nbsp;&=
nbsp; </span>Total number and types of nuclear warheads </pre><pre><o:p>&nb=
sp;</o:p></pre><pre><span style=3D'mso-spacerun:yes'>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbs=
p; </span>and bombs built, 1945-1990:</pre><pre><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></pre><pre=
><span style=3D'mso-spacerun:yes'>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span><b>more t=
han 70,000/65 types</b></pre><pre><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></pre>

<p class=3DMsoNormal><st1:country-region w:st=3D"on"><st1:place w:st=3D"on"=
><span
  style=3D'font-size:10.0pt'>U.S.</span></st1:place></st1:country-region><s=
pan
style=3D'font-size:10.0pt'> Department of Energy; Natural Resources Defense
Council, Nuclear Weapons Databook Project </span><span style=3D'font-size:1=
3.5pt'><o:p></o:p></span></p>

<pre><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></pre><pre>7.<span style=3D'mso-spacerun:yes'>&nbsp;&=
nbsp; </span>Number currently in the <a
href=3D"file:///C:\Documents%20and%20Settings\FP\PROJECTS\NUCWCOST\STOKPILE=
.HTM">stockpile</a> (1997):</pre><pre><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></pre><pre><span sty=
le=3D'mso-spacerun:yes'>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span><b>12,500 (8,750 ac=
tive, 2,500 hedge/contingency stockpile,<o:p></o:p></b></pre><pre><b><o:p>&=
nbsp;</o:p></b></pre><pre><b><span style=3D'mso-spacerun:yes'>&nbsp;&nbsp;&=
nbsp;&nbsp; </span>1,250 awaiting disassembly)</b></pre><pre><o:p>&nbsp;</o=
:p></pre>

<p class=3DMsoNormal><span style=3D'font-size:10.0pt'>Natural Resources Def=
ense
Council, Nuclear Weapons Databook Project </span><span style=3D'font-size:1=
3.5pt'><o:p></o:p></span></p>

<pre><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></pre><pre>8.<span style=3D'mso-spacerun:yes'>&nbsp;&=
nbsp; </span>Number of nuclear warheads requested </pre><pre><o:p>&nbsp;</o=
:p></pre><pre><span style=3D'mso-spacerun:yes'>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </s=
pan>by the <a
href=3D"HTTP://WWW.BROOK.EDU/FP/OP-ED/SCHW1-26.HTM">Army</a> in 1956 and 19=
57:</pre><pre><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></pre><pre><span style=3D'mso-spacerun:yes'>=
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span><b>151,000</b></pre><pre><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p><=
/pre>

<p class=3DMsoNormal><i><span style=3D'font-size:10.0pt'>History of the Cus=
tody and
Deployment of Nuclear Weapons, July 1945 Through September 1977</span></i><=
span
style=3D'font-size:10.0pt'>, Prepared by the Office of the Assistant Secret=
ary of
Defense (Atomic Energy), February 1978, p. 50 (formerly Top Secret) </span>=
<span
style=3D'font-size:13.5pt'><o:p></o:p></span></p>

<pre><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></pre><pre>9.<span style=3D'mso-spacerun:yes'>&nbsp;&=
nbsp; </span>Projected <st1:country-region
w:st=3D"on"><st1:place w:st=3D"on">U.S.</st1:place></st1:country-region> nu=
clear warheads and bombs </pre><pre><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></pre><pre><span style=
=3D'mso-spacerun:yes'>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span>after completion of t=
he START II reductions in 2003:</pre><pre><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></pre><pre><span=
 style=3D'mso-spacerun:yes'>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span><b><span style=3D'mso=
-spacerun:yes'>&nbsp;</span>5,000</b></pre><pre><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></pre>

<p class=3DMsoNormal><st1:country-region w:st=3D"on"><st1:place w:st=3D"on"=
><span
  style=3D'font-size:10.0pt'>U.S.</span></st1:place></st1:country-region><s=
pan
style=3D'font-size:10.0pt'> Department of Defense; Natural Resources Defense
Council, Nuclear Weapons Databook Project </span><span style=3D'font-size:1=
3.5pt'><o:p></o:p></span></p>

<pre><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></pre><pre>10.<span style=3D'mso-spacerun:yes'>&nbsp;=
 </span>Additional warheads the military wants to hold </pre><pre><o:p>&nbs=
p;</o:p></pre><pre><span style=3D'mso-spacerun:yes'>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp=
; </span>in inactive reserve to &quot;hedge&quot; against future threats:</=
pre><pre><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></pre><pre><span style=3D'mso-spacerun:yes'>&nbsp=
;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span><b>2,500</b></pre><pre><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></pre>

<p class=3DMsoNormal><span style=3D'font-size:10.0pt'>U..S. Department of D=
efense;
Natural Resources Defense Council, Nuclear Weapons Databook Project </span>=
<span
style=3D'font-size:13.5pt'><o:p></o:p></span></p>

<pre><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></pre><pre>11.<span style=3D'mso-spacerun:yes'>&nbsp;=
 </span>Largest and smallest nuclear bombs ever deployed:</pre><pre><o:p>&n=
bsp;</o:p></pre><pre><span style=3D'mso-spacerun:yes'>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nb=
sp; </span><b><a
href=3D"http://www.envirolink.org/issues/nuketesting/hew/Usa/Weapons/Mk17.j=
pg">B17/B24</a> (~42,000 lbs., 10-15 megatons); <o:p></o:p></b></pre><pre><=
b><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></b></pre><pre><b><span style=3D'mso-spacerun:yes'>&nbsp=
;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span><a
href=3D"HTTP://WWW.BROOK.EDU/FP/projects/nucwcost/davyc.HTM">W54</a> (51 lb=
s., .02 kilotons)</b></pre><pre><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></pre>

<p class=3DMsoNormal><span style=3D'font-size:10.0pt'>Natural Resources Def=
ense
Council, Nuclear Weapons Databook Project </span><span style=3D'font-size:1=
3.5pt'><o:p></o:p></span></p>

<pre><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></pre><pre><st1:place w:st=3D"on"><st1:PlaceName w:st=
=3D"on">12.</st1:PlaceName><span style=3D'mso-spacerun:yes'>&nbsp; </span><=
st1:PlaceType
 w:st=3D"on">Peak</st1:PlaceType></st1:place> number of domestic uranium mi=
nes in operation (1955):</pre><pre><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></pre><pre><span style=
=3D'mso-spacerun:yes'>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span><b><span style=3D'mso-space=
run:yes'>&nbsp;</span>925</b></pre><pre><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></pre>

<p class=3DMsoNormal><i><span style=3D'font-size:10.0pt'>Nineteenth Semiann=
ual
Report of the Atomic Energy Commission</span></i><span style=3D'font-size:1=
0.0pt'>,
January 1956, p. 31 </span><span style=3D'font-size:13.5pt'><o:p></o:p></sp=
an></p>

<pre><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></pre><pre>13.<span style=3D'mso-spacerun:yes'>&nbsp;=
 </span>Fissile material produced: <b><a
href=3D"http://apollo.osti.gov/html/osti/opennet/document/pu50yrs/pu50y.htm=
l">104 metric tons of plutonium</a> </b></pre><pre><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></pre><=
pre><span style=3D'mso-spacerun:yes'>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span>and <b=
><a
href=3D"http://www.doe.gov/html/osti/opennet/document/press/pc13.html">994 =
metric tons of highly-enriched uranium</a></b></pre><pre><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p><=
/pre>

<p class=3DMsoNormal><st1:country-region w:st=3D"on"><st1:place w:st=3D"on"=
><span
  style=3D'font-size:10.0pt'>U.S.</span></st1:place></st1:country-region><s=
pan
style=3D'font-size:10.0pt'> Department of Energy </span><span style=3D'font=
-size:
13.5pt'><o:p></o:p></span></p>

<pre><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></pre><pre>14.<span style=3D'mso-spacerun:yes'>&nbsp;=
 </span>Amount of plutonium still in weapons:</pre><pre><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></=
pre><pre><span style=3D'mso-spacerun:yes'>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span><=
b>43 metric tons</b></pre><pre><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></pre>

<p class=3DMsoNormal><span style=3D'font-size:10.0pt'>Natural Resources Def=
ense
Council, Nuclear Weapons Databook Project </span><span style=3D'font-size:1=
3.5pt'><o:p></o:p></span></p>

<pre><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></pre><pre>15.<span style=3D'mso-spacerun:yes'>&nbsp;=
 </span>Number of thermometers which could be filled with </pre><pre><o:p>&=
nbsp;</o:p></pre><pre><span style=3D'mso-spacerun:yes'>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&n=
bsp; </span>mercury used to produce lithium-6 at the <st1:place
w:st=3D"on"><st1:City w:st=3D"on">Oak Ridge</st1:City></st1:place></pre><pr=
e><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></pre><pre><span style=3D'mso-spacerun:yes'>&nbsp;&nbsp;=
&nbsp;&nbsp; </span>Reservation:</pre><pre><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></pre><pre><spa=
n style=3D'mso-spacerun:yes'>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span><b>11 billion<=
/b></pre><pre><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></pre>

<p class=3DMsoNormal><st1:country-region w:st=3D"on"><st1:place w:st=3D"on"=
><span
  style=3D'font-size:10.0pt'>U.S.</span></st1:place></st1:country-region><s=
pan
style=3D'font-size:10.0pt'> Department of Energy </span><span style=3D'font=
-size:
13.5pt'><o:p></o:p></span></p>

<pre><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></pre><pre>16.<span style=3D'mso-spacerun:yes'>&nbsp;=
 </span>Number of dismantled plutonium &quot;pits&quot;<span style=3D'mso-s=
pacerun:yes'>&nbsp; </span>currently</pre><pre><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></pre><pre>=
<span style=3D'mso-spacerun:yes'>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span>stored at =
the <a
href=3D"http://www.pantex.com/ds/index.htm">Pantex Plant</a> in <st1:place =
w:st=3D"on"><st1:City
 w:st=3D"on">Amarillo</st1:City>, <st1:State w:st=3D"on">Texas</st1:State><=
/st1:place>:</pre><pre><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></pre><pre><span style=3D'mso-space=
run:yes'>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span><span style=3D'mso-spacerun:yes'>&nbsp;<=
/span><b>9,204 as of September 30, 1996</b></pre><pre><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></pr=
e>

<p class=3DMsoNormal><st1:country-region w:st=3D"on"><st1:place w:st=3D"on"=
><span
  style=3D'font-size:10.0pt'>U.S.</span></st1:place></st1:country-region><s=
pan
style=3D'font-size:10.0pt'> Department of Energy </span><span style=3D'font=
-size:
13.5pt'><o:p></o:p></span></p>

<pre><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></pre><pre>17.<span style=3D'mso-spacerun:yes'>&nbsp;=
 </span>States with the largest number of nuclear weapons:</pre><pre><o:p>&=
nbsp;</o:p></pre><pre><span style=3D'mso-spacerun:yes'>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&n=
bsp; </span><st1:State
w:st=3D"on"><b>New Mexico</b></st1:State><b> (2,850), <a
href=3D"http://www.kingsbay.org/">Georgia</a> (2,000), <st1:State w:st=3D"o=
n"><st1:place
 w:st=3D"on">Washington</st1:place></st1:State> (1,600)<o:p></o:p></b></pre=
><pre><b><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></b></pre><pre><b><span style=3D'mso-spacerun:yes=
'>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span>and <st1:place
w:st=3D"on"><st1:State w:st=3D"on">Nevada</st1:State></st1:place> (1,450)</=
b></pre><pre><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></pre>

<p class=3DMsoNormal><span style=3D'font-size:10.0pt'>Robert S. Norris and =
William
M. Arkin, <a
href=3D"http://www.bullatomsci.org/issues/nukenotes/so97nukenote.html">&quo=
t;Where
the Bombs Are, 1997,&quot;</a> NRDC Nuclear Notebook, <i>The Bulletin of the
Atomic Scientists</i>, September/October 1997, pp. 62-63 </span><span
style=3D'font-size:13.5pt'><o:p></o:p></span></p>

<pre><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></pre><pre>18.<span style=3D'mso-spacerun:yes'>&nbsp;=
 </span><a
href=3D"file:///C:\Documents%20and%20Settings\fp\projects\nucwcost\basesize=
.htm">Total known land area</a> occupied by <st1:country-region
w:st=3D"on"><st1:place w:st=3D"on">U.S.</st1:place></st1:country-region> nu=
clear</pre><pre><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></pre><pre><span style=3D'mso-spacerun:yes=
'>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span>weapons bases and facilities:</pre><pre><=
o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></pre><pre><span style=3D'mso-spacerun:yes'>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nb=
sp;&nbsp; </span><b>36,330 square miles</b></pre><pre><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></pr=
e>

<p class=3DMsoNormal><st1:country-region w:st=3D"on"><st1:place w:st=3D"on"=
><span
  style=3D'font-size:10.0pt'>U.S.</span></st1:place></st1:country-region><s=
pan
style=3D'font-size:10.0pt'> Nuclear Weapons Cost Study Project </span><span
style=3D'font-size:13.5pt'><o:p></o:p></span></p>

<pre><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></pre><pre>19.<span style=3D'mso-spacerun:yes'>&nbsp;=
 </span>Total land area of the <st1:State
w:st=3D"on">District of Columbia</st1:State>, <st1:State w:st=3D"on"><st1:p=
lace
 w:st=3D"on">Maryland</st1:place></st1:State>,</pre><pre><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p><=
/pre><pre><span style=3D'mso-spacerun:yes'>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span>=
<st1:State
w:st=3D"on">Massachusetts</st1:State>, <st1:State w:st=3D"on">New Hampshire=
</st1:State>, and <st1:State
w:st=3D"on"><st1:place w:st=3D"on">Vermont</st1:place></st1:State>:</pre><p=
re><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></pre><pre><span style=3D'mso-spacerun:yes'>&nbsp;&nbsp=
;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span><b>35,992 square miles</b></pre><pre><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p>=
</pre>

<p class=3DMsoNormal><st1:Street w:st=3D"on"><st1:address w:st=3D"on"><i><s=
pan
  style=3D'font-size:10.0pt'>Rand McNally Road</span></i></st1:address></st=
1:Street><i><span
style=3D'font-size:10.0pt'> Atlas and Travel Guide</span></i><span
style=3D'font-size:10.0pt'>, 1992 </span><span style=3D'font-size:13.5pt'><=
o:p></o:p></span></p>

<pre><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></pre><pre>20.<span style=3D'mso-spacerun:yes'>&nbsp;=
 </span>Legal fees paid by the Department of Energy to fight </pre><pre><o:=
p>&nbsp;</o:p></pre><pre><span style=3D'mso-spacerun:yes'>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp=
;&nbsp; </span>lawsuits from workers and private citizens concerning </pre>=
<pre><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></pre><pre><span style=3D'mso-spacerun:yes'>&nbsp;&nb=
sp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span>nuclear weapons production and testing activities, <=
/pre><pre><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></pre><pre><span style=3D'mso-spacerun:yes'>&nbs=
p;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span>from October 1990 through March 1995:</pre><pre=
><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></pre><pre><span style=3D'mso-spacerun:yes'>&nbsp;&nbsp;&=
nbsp; </span><b><span style=3D'mso-spacerun:yes'>&nbsp;</span>$89,000,000 <=
/b></pre><pre><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></pre>

<p class=3DMsoNormal><st1:country-region w:st=3D"on"><st1:place w:st=3D"on"=
><span
  style=3D'font-size:10.0pt'>U.S.</span></st1:place></st1:country-region><s=
pan
style=3D'font-size:10.0pt'> Department of Energy </span><span style=3D'font=
-size:
13.5pt'><o:p></o:p></span></p>

<pre><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></pre><pre>21.<span style=3D'mso-spacerun:yes'>&nbsp;=
 </span>Money paid by the State Department to <st1:country-region
w:st=3D"on"><st1:place w:st=3D"on">Japan</st1:place></st1:country-region> <=
/pre><pre><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></pre><pre><span style=3D'mso-spacerun:yes'>&nbs=
p;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span>following <a
href=3D"http://www.envirolink.org/issues/nuketesting/hew/Usa/Tests/Cbrvfll.=
gif">fallout</a> from the 1954 &quot;Bravo&quot; test:</pre><pre><o:p>&nbsp=
;</o:p></pre><pre><span style=3D'mso-spacerun:yes'>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </spa=
n><b><span style=3D'mso-spacerun:yes'>&nbsp;</span>$15,000,000</b></pre><pr=
e><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></pre>

<p class=3DMsoNormal><span style=3D'font-size:10.0pt'>Barton C. Hacker, <i>=
Elements
of Controversy: The Atomic Energy Commission and Radiation Safety in Nuclear
Weapons Testing, 1947 -1974</i>, <st1:place w:st=3D"on"><st1:PlaceType w:st=
=3D"on">University</st1:PlaceType>
 of <st1:PlaceName w:st=3D"on">California</st1:PlaceName></st1:place> Press,
1994, p. 158 </span><span style=3D'font-size:13.5pt'><o:p></o:p></span></p>

<pre><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></pre><pre>22.<span style=3D'mso-spacerun:yes'>&nbsp;=
 </span>Money paid by the <st1:country-region
w:st=3D"on"><st1:place w:st=3D"on">United States</st1:place></st1:country-r=
egion> to Marshallese Islanders </pre><pre><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></pre><pre><spa=
n style=3D'mso-spacerun:yes'>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span>to redress dam=
ages from nuclear testing:</pre><pre><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></pre><pre><span styl=
e=3D'mso-spacerun:yes'>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span><b>$226,000,000</b><=
/pre><pre><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></pre>

<p class=3DMsoNormal><span style=3D'font-size:10.0pt'>op. cit., pp. 270-1; =
Jonathan
M. Weisgall, <i>Operation Crossroads, The Atomic Tests at <st1:place w:st=
=3D"on">Bikini</st1:place>
Atoll</i>, Naval Institute Press, 1994, p. 313 </span><span style=3D'font-s=
ize:
13.5pt'><o:p></o:p></span></p>

<pre><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></pre><pre>23.<span style=3D'mso-spacerun:yes'>&nbsp;=
 </span>Money paid to <st1:country-region
w:st=3D"on"><st1:place w:st=3D"on">U.S.</st1:place></st1:country-region> ci=
tizens under the Radiation</pre><pre><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></pre><pre><span styl=
e=3D'mso-spacerun:yes'>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span>Exposure and Compens=
ation Act of 1990,</pre><pre><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></pre><pre><span style=3D'mso=
-spacerun:yes'>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span>as of June 21, 1995:</pre><p=
re><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></pre><pre><span style=3D'mso-spacerun:yes'>&nbsp;&nbsp=
;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span><b>$172,000,000</b> (2,239 claims)</pre><pre><o:p>&nbs=
p;</o:p></pre>

<p class=3DMsoNormal><st1:country-region w:st=3D"on"><st1:place w:st=3D"on"=
><span
  style=3D'font-size:10.0pt'>U.S.</span></st1:place></st1:country-region><s=
pan
style=3D'font-size:10.0pt'> Department of Justice, Torts Branch, Civil Divi=
sion </span><span
style=3D'font-size:13.5pt'><o:p></o:p></span></p>

<pre><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></pre><pre>24.<span style=3D'mso-spacerun:yes'>&nbsp;=
 </span>Total cost of the Aircraft Nuclear Propulsion (ANP) </pre><pre><o:p=
>&nbsp;</o:p></pre><pre><span style=3D'mso-spacerun:yes'>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;=
&nbsp; </span>program, 1946-1961:</pre><pre><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></pre><pre><sp=
an style=3D'mso-spacerun:yes'>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span><b>$6,500,000=
,000</b></pre><pre><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></pre>

<p class=3DMsoNormal><span style=3D'font-size:10.0pt'>&quot;Aircraft Nuclear
Propulsion Program,&quot; Report of the Joint Committee on Atomic Energy,
September 1959, pp. 11-12 </span><span style=3D'font-size:13.5pt'><o:p></o:=
p></span></p>

<pre><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></pre><pre>25<span style=3D'mso-spacerun:yes'>&nbsp;&=
nbsp; </span>Total number of nuclear-powered aircraft </pre><pre><o:p>&nbsp=
;</o:p></pre><pre><span style=3D'mso-spacerun:yes'>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;=
 </span>and airplane hangers built:</pre><pre><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></pre><pre><=
span style=3D'mso-spacerun:yes'>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span><b>0 and 1<=
/b></pre><pre><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></pre>

<p class=3DMsoNormal><span style=3D'font-size:10.0pt'>Ibid; &quot;American
Portrait: ANP,&quot; WFAA-TV (<st1:City w:st=3D"on"><st1:place w:st=3D"on">=
Dallas</st1:place></st1:City>),
1993 </span><span style=3D'font-size:13.5pt'><o:p></o:p></span></p>

<pre><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></pre><pre>26.<span style=3D'mso-spacerun:yes'>&nbsp;=
 </span>Number of secret Presidential Emergency Facilities </pre><pre><o:p>=
&nbsp;</o:p></pre><pre><span style=3D'mso-spacerun:yes'>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&=
nbsp; </span>built for use during and after a nuclear war:</pre><pre><o:p>&=
nbsp;</o:p></pre><pre><span style=3D'mso-spacerun:yes'>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&n=
bsp; </span><b>more than 75</b></pre><pre><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></pre>

<p class=3DMsoNormal><span style=3D'font-size:10.0pt'>Bill Gulley with Mary=
 Ellen
Reese, <i>Breaking Cover</i>, Simon and Schuster, 1980, pp. 34- 36 </span><=
span
style=3D'font-size:13.5pt'><o:p></o:p></span></p>

<pre><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></pre><pre>27.<span style=3D'mso-spacerun:yes'>&nbsp;=
 </span>Currency stored until 1988 by the Federal Reserve </pre><pre><o:p>&=
nbsp;</o:p></pre><pre><span style=3D'mso-spacerun:yes'>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&n=
bsp; </span>for use after a nuclear war:</pre><pre><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></pre><=
pre><span style=3D'mso-spacerun:yes'>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span><b>mor=
e than $2,000,000,000,000</b></pre><pre><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></pre>

<p class=3DMsoNormal><span style=3D'font-size:10.0pt'>Edward Zuckerman, <i>=
The Day
After World War III</i>, The Viking Press, 1984, pp. 287-88 </span><span
style=3D'font-size:13.5pt'><o:p></o:p></span></p>

<pre><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></pre><pre>28.<span style=3D'mso-spacerun:yes'>&nbsp;=
 </span>Amount of silver in tons once used at the <st1:City
w:st=3D"on"><st1:place w:st=3D"on">Oak Ridge</st1:place></st1:City>, </pre>=
<pre><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></pre><pre><span style=3D'mso-spacerun:yes'>&nbsp;&nb=
sp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span>TN, <a
href=3D"http://www.ornl.gov/mmes-www/general/OverviewY12.html">Y-12 Plant</=
a> for electrical magnet coils:</pre><pre><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></pre><pre><span=
 style=3D'mso-spacerun:yes'>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span><b>14,700</b></=
pre><pre><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></pre>

<p class=3DMsoNormal><span style=3D'font-size:10.0pt'>Vincent C. Jones, <st=
1:City
w:st=3D"on"><i>Manhattan</i></st1:City><i>: The Army and the Bomb</i>, <st1=
:country-region
w:st=3D"on">U.S.</st1:country-region> <st1:place w:st=3D"on"><st1:PlaceName=
 w:st=3D"on">Army</st1:PlaceName>
 <st1:PlaceType w:st=3D"on">Center</st1:PlaceType></st1:place> for Military
History, 1985, pp. 66-7 </span><span style=3D'font-size:13.5pt'><o:p></o:p>=
</span></p>

<pre><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></pre><pre>29.<span style=3D'mso-spacerun:yes'>&nbsp;=
 </span><a
href=3D"file:///C:\Documents%20and%20Settings\FP\PROJECTS\NUCWCOST\TESTS.GI=
F">Total number of U.S. nuclear weapons tests, 1945-1992</a>:</pre><pre><o:=
p>&nbsp;</o:p></pre><pre><span style=3D'mso-spacerun:yes'>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp=
;&nbsp; </span><b>1,030</b> (1,126 nuclear devices detonated)</pre><pre><o:=
p>&nbsp;</o:p></pre>

<p class=3DMsoNormal><st1:country-region w:st=3D"on"><st1:place w:st=3D"on"=
><span
  style=3D'font-size:10.0pt'>U.S.</span></st1:place></st1:country-region><s=
pan
style=3D'font-size:10.0pt'> Department of Energy </span><span style=3D'font=
-size:
13.5pt'><o:p></o:p></span></p>

<pre><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></pre><pre>30.<span style=3D'mso-spacerun:yes'>&nbsp;=
 </span>First and last test:</pre><pre><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></pre><pre><span st=
yle=3D'mso-spacerun:yes'>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span><b>July 16, 1945 (=
&quot;Trinity&quot;) </b></pre><pre><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></pre><pre><span style=
=3D'mso-spacerun:yes'>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span>and <b>September 23, =
1992 (&quot;Divider&quot;)</b></pre><pre><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></pre>

<p class=3DMsoNormal><span style=3D'font-size:10.0pt'><a
href=3D"http://www.nv.doe.gov/history/nuclear.htm">U.S. Department of Energ=
y</a> </span><span
style=3D'font-size:13.5pt'><o:p></o:p></span></p>

<pre><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></pre><pre>31.<span style=3D'mso-spacerun:yes'>&nbsp;=
 </span>Estimated amount spent between October 1, 1992 </pre><pre><o:p>&nbs=
p;</o:p></pre><pre><span style=3D'mso-spacerun:yes'>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp=
; </span>and October 1, 1995 on nuclear testing activities:</pre><pre><o:p>=
&nbsp;</o:p></pre><pre><span style=3D'mso-spacerun:yes'>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; =
</span><b><span style=3D'mso-spacerun:yes'>&nbsp;</span>$1,185,600,000</b> =
(0 tests)</pre><pre><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></pre>

<p class=3DMsoNormal><st1:country-region w:st=3D"on"><st1:place w:st=3D"on"=
><span
  style=3D'font-size:10.0pt'>U.S.</span></st1:place></st1:country-region><s=
pan
style=3D'font-size:10.0pt'> Nuclear Weapons Cost Study Project </span><span
style=3D'font-size:13.5pt'><o:p></o:p></span></p>

<pre><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></pre><pre>32.<span style=3D'mso-spacerun:yes'>&nbsp;=
 </span>Cost of 1946 <a
href=3D"http://www.envirolink.org/issues/nuketesting/hew/Usa/Tests/Crossrd.=
html">Operation Crossroads</a> weapons tests </pre><pre><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></=
pre><pre><span style=3D'mso-spacerun:yes'>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span>(=
&quot;Able&quot; and &quot;Baker&quot;) at <st1:place
w:st=3D"on">Bikini</st1:place> Atoll:</pre><pre><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></pre><pre=
><span style=3D'mso-spacerun:yes'>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span><b><span style=
=3D'mso-spacerun:yes'>&nbsp;</span>$575,000,000</b></pre><pre><o:p>&nbsp;</=
o:p></pre>

<p class=3DMsoNormal><span style=3D'font-size:10.0pt'>&quot;The Evaluation =
of the
Atomic Bomb as a Military Weapon,&quot; The Final Report of the Joint Chief=
s of
Staff Evaluation Board for Operations Crossroads, June 30, 1947, p. 16 (for=
merly
Top Secret) </span><span style=3D'font-size:13.5pt'><o:p></o:p></span></p>

<pre><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></pre><pre>33.<span style=3D'mso-spacerun:yes'>&nbsp;=
 </span>Largest <st1:country-region
w:st=3D"on"><st1:place w:st=3D"on">U.S.</st1:place></st1:country-region> ex=
plosion/date:</pre><pre><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></pre><pre><span style=3D'mso-spac=
erun:yes'>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span><b>15 Megatons/March 1, 1954 (<a
href=3D"http://www.envirolink.org/issues/nuketesting/hew/Usa/Tests/Castle.h=
tml">&quot;Bravo&quot;</a>)</b></pre><pre><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></pre>

<p class=3DMsoNormal><st1:country-region w:st=3D"on"><st1:place w:st=3D"on"=
><span
  style=3D'font-size:10.0pt'>U.S.</span></st1:place></st1:country-region><s=
pan
style=3D'font-size:10.0pt'> Department of Energy </span><span style=3D'font=
-size:
13.5pt'><o:p></o:p></span></p>

<pre><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></pre><pre>34.<span style=3D'mso-spacerun:yes'>&nbsp;=
 </span>Number of islands in Enewetak atoll <a
href=3D"http://www.envirolink.org/issues/nuketesting/hew/Usa/Tests/Elugel.j=
pg">vaporized</a> <br>
<span style=3D'mso-spacerun:yes'>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span>by the Nov=
ember 1, 1952 <a
href=3D"http://www.envirolink.org/issues/nuketesting/hew/Usa/Tests/Ivy.html=
">&quot;Mike&quot; H-bomb test</a>:</pre><pre><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></pre><pre><=
span style=3D'mso-spacerun:yes'>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span><b>1</b></p=
re><pre><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></pre>

<p class=3DMsoNormal><span style=3D'font-size:10.0pt'>Chuck <st1:place w:st=
=3D"on"><st1:City
 w:st=3D"on">Hansen</st1:City>, <st1:country-region w:st=3D"on"><i>U.S.</i>=
</st1:country-region></st1:place><i>
Nuclear Weapons: The Secret History</i>, Orion Books, 1988, pp. 58-59, 95 <=
/span><span
style=3D'font-size:13.5pt'><o:p></o:p></span></p>

<pre><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></pre><pre>35.<span style=3D'mso-spacerun:yes'>&nbsp;=
 </span>Number of nuclear tests in the Pacific:</pre><pre><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p>=
</pre><pre><span style=3D'mso-spacerun:yes'>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span><b><s=
pan style=3D'mso-spacerun:yes'>&nbsp;</span>106</b></pre><pre><o:p>&nbsp;</=
o:p></pre>

<p class=3DMsoNormal><span style=3D'font-size:10.0pt'>Natural Resources Def=
ense
Council, Nuclear Weapons Databook Project </span><span style=3D'font-size:1=
3.5pt'><o:p></o:p></span></p>

<pre><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></pre><pre>36.<span style=3D'mso-spacerun:yes'>&nbsp;=
 </span>Number of nuclear tests in <st1:State
w:st=3D"on"><st1:place w:st=3D"on">Nevada</st1:place></st1:State>:</pre><pr=
e><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></pre><pre><span style=3D'mso-spacerun:yes'>&nbsp;&nbsp;=
&nbsp; </span><b><span style=3D'mso-spacerun:yes'>&nbsp;</span>935</b></pre=
><pre><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></pre>

<p class=3DMsoNormal><span style=3D'font-size:10.0pt'>Natural Resources Def=
ense
Council, Nuclear Weapons Databook Project </span><span style=3D'font-size:1=
3.5pt'><o:p></o:p></span></p>

<pre><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></pre><pre>37.<span style=3D'mso-spacerun:yes'>&nbsp;=
 </span>Number of nuclear weapons tests in <a
href=3D"http://www.greenpeace.org/~usa/reports/nuclear/amchitka/index.html"=
>Alaska</a>, <st1:State
w:st=3D"on"><st1:place w:st=3D"on">Colorado</st1:place></st1:State> </pre><=
pre><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></pre><pre><span style=3D'mso-spacerun:yes'>&nbsp;&nbs=
p;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span>[<a
href=3D"http://loft-gw.zone.org/cgi-bin/clui/results_page.pl/&amp;Site=3DRu=
lison+Nuclear+Test+Site&amp;Location=3D40+miles+NE+of+Grand+Junction,+11+mi=
les+SW+of+Rifle&amp;Num=3D5&amp;CATEGORY=3DMilitary+Sites&amp;CATEGORY=3DNu=
clear/Radioactive+Sites&amp;STATE=3DCO">1</a> and <a
href=3D"http://loft-gw.zone.org/cgi-bin/clui/results_page.pl/&amp;Site=3DRi=
o+Blanco+Nuclear+Test+Site&amp;Location=3D75+miles+N+of+Grand+Junction,+30+=
miles+SW+of+Meeker&amp;Num=3D5&amp;CATEGORY=3DNuclear/Radioactive+Sites&amp=
;STATE=3DCO">2</a>], <a
href=3D"http://loft-gw.zone.org/cgi-bin/clui/results_page.pl/&amp;Site=3DSa=
lmon+and+Sterling+Nuclear+Test+Sites&amp;Location=3D28+miles+SW+of+Hattiesb=
urg,+four+miles+NE+of+Baxterville&amp;Num=3D5&amp;CATEGORY=3DMilitary+Sites=
&amp;CATEGORY=3DNuclear/Radioactive+Sites&amp;STATE=3DMS">Mississippi</a> a=
nd New Mexico [<a
href=3D"http://clui.zone.org/clui/database/nuke/trinity.html">1</a>, <a
href=3D"http://clui.zone.org/clui/database/nuke/gnome.html">2</a> and <a
href=3D"http://clui.zone.org/clui/database/nuke/gasbug.html">3</a>]:</pre><=
pre><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></pre><pre><span style=3D'mso-spacerun:yes'>&nbsp;&nbs=
p;&nbsp; </span><b><span style=3D'mso-spacerun:yes'>&nbsp;</span>10</b></pr=
e><pre><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></pre>

<p class=3DMsoNormal><span style=3D'font-size:10.0pt'>Natural Resources Def=
ense
Council, Nuclear Weapons Databook Project </span><span style=3D'font-size:1=
3.5pt'><o:p></o:p></span></p>

<pre><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></pre><pre>38.<span style=3D'mso-spacerun:yes'>&nbsp;=
 </span>Operational naval nuclear propulsion reactors </pre><pre><o:p>&nbsp=
;</o:p></pre><pre><span style=3D'mso-spacerun:yes'>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;=
 </span>vs. operational commercial power reactors:</pre><pre><o:p>&nbsp;</o=
:p></pre><pre><span style=3D'mso-spacerun:yes'>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span><b=
><span style=3D'mso-spacerun:yes'>&nbsp;</span>117 vs. 108</b></pre><pre><o=
:p>&nbsp;</o:p></pre>

<p class=3DMsoNormal><span style=3D'font-size:10.0pt'>Adm. Bruce DeMars, De=
puty
Assistant Director for Naval Reactors, <st1:country-region w:st=3D"on"><st1=
:place
 w:st=3D"on">U.S.</st1:place></st1:country-region> Navy; Nuclear Regulatory
Commission </span><span style=3D'font-size:13.5pt'><o:p></o:p></span></p>

<pre><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></pre><pre>39.<span style=3D'mso-spacerun:yes'>&nbsp;=
 </span>Current number of attack <a
href=3D"http://www.chinfo.navy.mil/navpalib/factfile/ships/ship-ssn.html">(=
SSN)</a> and </pre><pre><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></pre><pre><span style=3D'mso-spac=
erun:yes'>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span>ballistic missile <a
href=3D"http://www.chinfo.navy.mil/navpalib/factfile/ships/shipssbn.html">(=
SSBN)</a> submarines:</pre><pre><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></pre><pre><span style=3D'=
mso-spacerun:yes'>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span><b>73 SSNs and 18 SSBNs</=
b></pre><pre><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></pre>

<p class=3DMsoNormal><span style=3D'font-size:10.0pt'>Adm. Bruce DeMars, De=
puty
Assistant Director for Naval Reactors, <st1:country-region w:st=3D"on"><st1=
:place
 w:st=3D"on">U.S.</st1:place></st1:country-region> Navy </span><span
style=3D'font-size:13.5pt'><o:p></o:p></span></p>

<pre><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></pre><pre>40.<span style=3D'mso-spacerun:yes'>&nbsp;=
 </span>Number of <a
href=3D"http://www.ccnr.org/Hanford_tanks.html">high level radioactive wast=
e tanks</a> </pre><pre><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></pre><pre><span style=3D'mso-space=
run:yes'>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span>in <a
href=3D"http://www.hanford.gov/">Washington</a>, <a href=3D"http://www.inel=
.gov/">Idaho</a> and <a
href=3D"http://www.srs.gov/">South Carolina</a>:</pre><pre><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p=
></pre><pre><span style=3D'mso-spacerun:yes'>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </spa=
n><b>239</b></pre><pre><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></pre>

<p class=3DMsoNormal><st1:country-region w:st=3D"on"><st1:place w:st=3D"on"=
><span
  style=3D'font-size:10.0pt'>U.S.</span></st1:place></st1:country-region><s=
pan
style=3D'font-size:10.0pt'> Department of Energy </span><span style=3D'font=
-size:
13.5pt'><o:p></o:p></span></p>

<pre><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></pre><pre>41.<span style=3D'mso-spacerun:yes'>&nbsp;=
 </span>Volume in cubic meters of radioactive waste </pre><pre><o:p>&nbsp;<=
/o:p></pre><pre><span style=3D'mso-spacerun:yes'>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <=
/span>resulting from weapons activities:</pre><pre><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></pre><=
pre><span style=3D'mso-spacerun:yes'>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span><b>104=
,000,000</b></pre><pre><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></pre>

<p class=3DMsoNormal><st1:country-region w:st=3D"on"><st1:place w:st=3D"on"=
><span
  style=3D'font-size:10.0pt'>U.S.</span></st1:place></st1:country-region><s=
pan
style=3D'font-size:10.0pt'> Department of Energy; Institute for Energy and
Environmental Research </span><span style=3D'font-size:13.5pt'><o:p></o:p><=
/span></p>

<pre><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></pre><pre>42.<span style=3D'mso-spacerun:yes'>&nbsp;=
 </span>Number of designated targets for <st1:country-region
w:st=3D"on"><st1:place w:st=3D"on">U.S.</st1:place></st1:country-region> we=
apons </pre><pre><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></pre><pre><span style=3D'mso-spacerun:ye=
s'>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span>in the Single Integrated Operational Pla=
n (SIOP) </pre><pre><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></pre><pre><span style=3D'mso-spacerun=
:yes'>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span>in 1976, 1986, and 1995:</pre><pre><o=
:p>&nbsp;</o:p></pre><pre><span style=3D'mso-spacerun:yes'>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbs=
p;&nbsp; </span><b>25,000</b> (1976), <b>16,000</b> (1986) and <b>2,500</b>=
 (1995) </pre><pre><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></pre>

<p class=3DMsoNormal><span style=3D'font-size:10.0pt'>Bruce Blair, Senior F=
ellow,
The Brookings Institution </span><span style=3D'font-size:13.5pt'><o:p></o:=
p></span></p>

<pre><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></pre><pre>43.<span style=3D'mso-spacerun:yes'>&nbsp;=
 </span>Cost of January 17, 1966 nuclear weapons accident </pre><pre><o:p>&=
nbsp;</o:p></pre><pre><span style=3D'mso-spacerun:yes'>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&n=
bsp; </span>over <a
href=3D"http://www.sandia.gov/LabNews/LN01-19-96/palo.html">Palomares, Spai=
n</a> (including two lost planes, </pre><pre><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></pre><pre><s=
pan style=3D'mso-spacerun:yes'>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span>an extended =
search and recovery effort, waste</pre><pre><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></pre><pre><sp=
an style=3D'mso-spacerun:yes'>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span>disposal in t=
he <st1:place
w:st=3D"on"><st1:country-region w:st=3D"on">U.S.</st1:country-region></st1:=
place> and settlement claims):</pre><pre><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></pre><pre><span =
style=3D'mso-spacerun:yes'>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span><b>$182,000,000 =
</b></pre><pre><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></pre>

<p class=3DMsoNormal><span style=3D'font-size:10.0pt'>Joint Committee on At=
omic
Energy Interoffice Memorandum, February 15, 1968; Center for Defense
Information </span><span style=3D'font-size:13.5pt'><o:p></o:p></span></p>

<pre><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></pre><pre>44.<span style=3D'mso-spacerun:yes'>&nbsp;=
 </span>Number of <st1:country-region
w:st=3D"on"><st1:place w:st=3D"on">U.S.</st1:place></st1:country-region> nu=
clear bombs lost in accidents </pre><pre><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></pre><pre><span =
style=3D'mso-spacerun:yes'>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span>and never recove=
red:</pre><pre><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></pre><pre><span style=3D'mso-spacerun:yes'=
>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span><b>11</b></pre><pre><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></pre>

<p class=3DMsoNormal><st1:country-region w:st=3D"on"><st1:place w:st=3D"on"=
><span
  style=3D'font-size:10.0pt'>U.S.</span></st1:place></st1:country-region><s=
pan
style=3D'font-size:10.0pt'> Department of Defense; Center for Defense
Information; Greenpeace; &quot;Lost Bombs,&quot; Atwood-Keeney Productions,
Inc., 1997 </span><span style=3D'font-size:13.5pt'><o:p></o:p></span></p>

<pre><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></pre><pre>45.<span style=3D'mso-spacerun:yes'>&nbsp;=
 </span>Number of Department of Energy federal employees</pre><pre><o:p>&nb=
sp;</o:p></pre><pre><span style=3D'mso-spacerun:yes'>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbs=
p; </span>(in 1996):</pre><pre><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></pre><pre><span style=3D'm=
so-spacerun:yes'>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span><b><span style=3D'mso-spacerun:y=
es'>&nbsp;</span>18,608</b></pre><pre><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></pre>

<p class=3DMsoNormal><st1:country-region w:st=3D"on"><st1:place w:st=3D"on"=
><span
  style=3D'font-size:10.0pt'>U.S.</span></st1:place></st1:country-region><s=
pan
style=3D'font-size:10.0pt'> Department of Energy, Office of Worker and Comm=
unity
Transition </span><span style=3D'font-size:13.5pt'><o:p></o:p></span></p>

<pre><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></pre><pre>46.<span style=3D'mso-spacerun:yes'>&nbsp;=
 </span>Number of Department of Energy contractor employees</pre><pre><o:p>=
&nbsp;</o:p></pre><pre><span style=3D'mso-spacerun:yes'>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&=
nbsp; </span>(in 1996):</pre><pre><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></pre><pre><span style=
=3D'mso-spacerun:yes'>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span><b>109,242</b></pre><=
pre><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></pre>

<p class=3DMsoNormal><st1:country-region w:st=3D"on"><st1:place w:st=3D"on"=
><span
  style=3D'font-size:10.0pt'>U.S.</span></st1:place></st1:country-region><s=
pan
style=3D'font-size:10.0pt'> Department of Energy, Office of Worker and Comm=
unity
Transition </span><span style=3D'font-size:13.5pt'><o:p></o:p></span></p>

<pre><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></pre><pre>47.<span style=3D'mso-spacerun:yes'>&nbsp;=
 </span>Minimum number of classified pages estimated to be</pre><pre><o:p>&=
nbsp;</o:p></pre><pre><span style=3D'mso-spacerun:yes'>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&n=
bsp; </span>in the Department of Energy's possession:</pre><pre><o:p>&nbsp;=
</o:p></pre><pre><span style=3D'mso-spacerun:yes'>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; =
</span><b>280 million</b></pre><pre><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></pre>

<p class=3DMsoNormal><i><span style=3D'font-size:10.0pt'>A Review of the De=
partment
of Energy Classification Policy and Practice</span></i><span style=3D'font-=
size:
10.0pt'>, Committee on Declassification of Information for the Department of
Energy Environmental Remediation and Related Programs, National Research
Council, 1995, pp. 7-8, 68. </span><span style=3D'font-size:13.5pt'><o:p></=
o:p></span></p>

<pre><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></pre><pre>48.<span style=3D'mso-spacerun:yes'>&nbsp;=
 </span>Ballistic missile defense spending in 1965 vs.1995:</pre><pre><o:p>=
&nbsp;</o:p></pre><pre><span style=3D'mso-spacerun:yes'>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&=
nbsp; </span><b>$2,200,000,000 vs. $2,600,000,000</b></pre><pre><o:p>&nbsp;=
</o:p></pre>

<p class=3DMsoNormal><st1:country-region w:st=3D"on"><st1:place w:st=3D"on"=
><span
  style=3D'font-size:10.0pt'>U.S.</span></st1:place></st1:country-region><s=
pan
style=3D'font-size:10.0pt'> Nuclear Weapons Cost Study Project </span><span
style=3D'font-size:13.5pt'><o:p></o:p></span></p>

<pre><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></pre><pre>49.<span style=3D'mso-spacerun:yes'>&nbsp;=
 </span>Average cost per warhead to the <st1:country-region
w:st=3D"on"><st1:place w:st=3D"on">U.S.</st1:place></st1:country-region> </=
pre><pre><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></pre><pre><span style=3D'mso-spacerun:yes'>&nbsp=
;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span>to help <st1:place
w:st=3D"on"><st1:country-region w:st=3D"on">Kazakhstan</st1:country-region>=
</st1:place> dismantle 104 SS-18 ICBMs </pre><pre><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></pre><p=
re><span style=3D'mso-spacerun:yes'>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span>carryin=
g more than 1,000 warheads:</pre><pre><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></pre><pre><span sty=
le=3D'mso-spacerun:yes'>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span><b>$70,000</b></pre=
><pre><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></pre>

<p class=3DMsoNormal><st1:country-region w:st=3D"on"><st1:place w:st=3D"on"=
><span
  style=3D'font-size:10.0pt'>U.S.</span></st1:place></st1:country-region><s=
pan
style=3D'font-size:10.0pt'> Nuclear Weapons Cost Study Project; Arms Control
Association </span><span style=3D'font-size:13.5pt'><o:p></o:p></span></p>

<pre><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></pre><pre>50.<span style=3D'mso-spacerun:yes'>&nbsp;=
 </span>Current (1995) estimated annual spending </pre><pre><o:p>&nbsp;</o:=
p></pre><pre><span style=3D'mso-spacerun:yes'>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </sp=
an>on all nuclear weapons activities:</pre><pre><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></pre><pre=
><span style=3D'mso-spacerun:yes'>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span><b>more t=
han <a
href=3D"file:///C:\Documents%20and%20Settings\FP\PROJECTS\NUCWCOST\CURSPEND=
.HTM">$33,000,000,000</a></b></pre><pre><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></pre>

<p class=3DMsoNormal><st1:country-region w:st=3D"on"><st1:place w:st=3D"on"=
><span
  style=3D'font-size:10.0pt'>U.S.</span></st1:place></st1:country-region><s=
pan
style=3D'font-size:10.0pt'> Nuclear Weapons Cost Study Project; Center for
Defense Information </span><span style=3D'font-size:13.5pt'><o:p></o:p></sp=
an></p>

<p style=3D'margin-bottom:13.5pt'><span style=3D'font-size:13.5pt'><o:p>&nb=
sp;</o:p></span></p>

<div class=3DMsoNormal align=3Dcenter style=3D'text-align:center'><span
style=3D'font-size:13.5pt'>

<hr size=3D2 width=3D"100%" align=3Dcenter>

</span></div>

<p class=3DMsoNormal><b><span style=3D'font-size:10.0pt'>The <st1:place w:s=
t=3D"on"><st1:country-region
 w:st=3D"on">U.S.</st1:country-region></st1:place> Nuclear Weapons Cost Stu=
dy
Project - Stephen I. Schwartz, Project Director <br>
The Brookings Institution<br>
<st1:address w:st=3D"on"><st1:Street w:st=3D"on">1775 Massachusetts Avenue,=
 NW</st1:Street>,
 <st1:City w:st=3D"on">Washington</st1:City>, <st1:State w:st=3D"on">D.C.</=
st1:State>
 <st1:PostalCode w:st=3D"on">20036-2188</st1:PostalCode></st1:address><br>
Telephone (202) 797-6030 - Facsimile (202) 797-6003<br>
E-mail: <a href=3D"mailto:sschwartz@brook.edu">sschwartz@brook.edu</a></spa=
n></b><span
style=3D'font-size:13.5pt'> <o:p></o:p></span></p>

<div class=3DMsoNormal align=3Dcenter style=3D'text-align:center'><span
style=3D'font-size:13.5pt'>

<hr size=3D2 width=3D"100%" align=3Dcenter>

</span></div>

</div>

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